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The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. Using a pen-like stylus, pen-based computers accept handwritten input directly on a screen. Users of the handheld pen-based computers, also called personal digital assistants , like the Palm, enjoy having applications such as calendars, address books, and games readily available. Secondary storage consists of devices, such as diskettes, which can store data and programs outside the computer itself. Learn More About Human For easy replacement, designers placed each transistor circuit inside a "bottle," similar to a va...